“(CPC Congress) Xi Underscores Role of Education, Sci-tech, Talent in Modernization Drive,” International Department, Central Committee of CPC, October 16, 2022 →.
Gemma Conroy, Pratik Pawar, and Sian Powell, “How China Is Capturing Attention with Landmark Research,” Nature Index, August 9, 2023 →. The author is an editor at Palgrave Macmillan, which is owned by Springer Nature.
Hepeng Jia, “Beijing, the Seat of Science Capital,” Nature Index, September 19, 2020 →.
See → (in Chinese).
Jiuchen Zhang and Feklova T. Yu, “Soviet Scientists in Chinese Institutes: A Historical Study of Cooperation Between the Two Academies of Sciences in 1950s,” Endeavour 42, no. 1 (March 2018) →.
Dan Wang, “China’s Hidden Tech Revolution,” Foreign Affairs, March–April 2023.
From a seminar Groys gave at NYU in 2011 as he prepared the Shanghai Biennial 2012, cocurated with Qiu Zhijie, Jens Hoffman, and Johnson Chang.
Aaron Bastani, Fully Automated Luxury Communism: A Manifesto (Verso, 2019).
“Is China a Leader in Quantum Technologies?,” China Power Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies →.
Victoria Bela, “China’s New Cancer Drug Toripalimab Is Approved in the US But Will Cost 30 times More,” South China Morning Post, November 29, 2023 →.
See →.
Victoria Bela, “US Scientist Convicted for China Ties Considering Jobs in Hong Kong, Mainland,” South China Morning Post, August 24, 2024 →.
Ryan Quinn, “Chinese Scientists Increasingly Leaving US,” Inside Higher Ed, July 5, 2023; Yingyi Ma, “How America Lost the Heart of China’s Top Talent,” Brookings Institute, November 16, 2023 →.
Stella Chen, “Not Forgetting the Original Intention,” China Media Project, April 18, 2022 →.
Michael T. Nietzel, “US Universities Fall Further Behind China in Production of STEM PhDs,” Forbes, August 7, 2021 →.
Margaret Sutherlin, “China’s Mega-Rich Gen Zs Are Heading Home,” Bloomberg, September 22, 2023 →.
Cheng Li, “The Rapid Rise of the ‘Cosmos Club’ in the Xi Jinping Era,” China-US Focus, July 15, 2022 →.
See essays by Yuk Hui in e-flux journal →; and Jason Farago, “An Artist Warns of a Robot-Ruled Future. Or Is It Our Present? Let’s Discuss,” New York Times, August 23, 2018.
Stephen Chen, “Quantum Entanglement: How US-Led Sanctions Are Turning Russia’s Genius Scientists to China for Collaboration,” South China Morning Post, July 22, 2023 →; “China’s Belt and Road Initiative Is Boosting Science—the West Must Engage, Not Withdraw,” editorial, Nature, October 24, 2023 →; David Matthews, “Germany Moves to Create New Restrictions on Research Cooperation with China,” Science Business, July 18, 2023 →.
Jonathan S. Landreth, “Ya-Wen Lei on China’s Gilded Cage,” The Wire China, December 3, 2023 →.
The recent Economist supplement “The World Ahead 2025” has many concrete examples, like battery technology →. As the Xi Jinping quote that begins this essay suggests, the CCP may feel that it sinks or swims based on science and technology. Marx might agree: “Nature builds no machines, no locomotives, railways, electric telegraphs, self-acting mules etc. These are products of human industry; natural material—transformed into organs of the human will over nature, or of human participation in nature. They are organs of the human brain, created by the human hand; the power of knowledge, objectified.” Karl Marx, Grundrisse, 1857. Available at marxists.org →.