Karl Marx and Frederich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848) →.
Situationist International, The Real Split in the International, trans. John McHale (1972; Pluto Press, 2003).
Jacques Derrida, Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International, trans. Peggy Kamuf (1993; Routledge, 2006), 105–07.
The concept was introduced in Andrea Mammone’s widely discussed book Transnational Neofascism in France and Italy (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
See for instance Volksfronten/Popular Fronts: Steirischer Herbst ’18 Reader, eds. Ekaterina Degot and David Riff (Hatje Cantz, 2019).
Jonas Staal, “Transunions” →.
See J.M. Roberts, The Mythology of the Secret Societies (1972; Watkins, 2008), 160–223.
Roberts, The Mythology of the Secret Societies, 233–49. A handy recent edition of Buonarotti’s Conspiration pour l’égalité, dite de Babeuf was published by La Fabrique éditions in 2015.
Hal Draper, Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution. Vol. 4: Critique of Other Socialisms (Monthly Review Press, 1990), 279–84, 299.
Draper, Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, 144.
Draper, Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, 144.
See The International Workingmen’s Association, The Fictitious Splits in the International →, and Draper, Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, 299.
In 1993–94, the project was presented in Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Vienna. See Andreas Siekmann, Wir fahren für Bakunin / We’re Rolling for Bakunin (Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 1993–1994), and Siekmann, “Wir fahren für Bakunin,” in Bakunin – ?Ein Denkmal! Kunst – Anarchismus (NGbK/Karin Kramer Verlag, 1996), 74–79.
Luc Boltanski, Mysteries and Conspiracies: Detective Stories, Spy Novels and the Making of Modern Societies, trans. Catherine Porter (Polity, 2014), 129; see also the entire magisterial chapter “Identifying Secret Agents.”
Winston Churchill, “Zionism versus Bolshevism” (1920), quoted in in Ellen Engelstad and Mímir Kristjánsson, “The Return of ‘Judeo-Bolshevism,’” Jacobin, February 16, 2019 →. The full text of Churchill’s article can be found on any number of neofascist websites.
Churchill, “Zionism versus Bolshevism.” Churchill contrasts “useful” and patriotic “National Jews” with the scheming and rootless “International Jews.” It is the latter who are behind Bolshevism and who need to be combatted (including, and especially, by the National Jews). Churchill embraced Zionism and presents the creation of “a Jewish State under the protection of the British Crown” as a strategy to thwart communism’s plans of world domination.
Daniel Damler, Konzern und Moderne. Die verbundene juristische Person in der visuellen Kultur, 1880-1980 (Vittorio Klostermann, 2016), 22–32, 73–81.
Damler, Konzern und Moderne, 179–81, 193–209.
Damler, Konzern und Moderne, 181.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), chapter IV →.
Lenin, Imperialism, chapter III →.
C. L. R. James (“Johnson”) et al., “Preface (From Second Edition),” in State Capitalism and World Revolution (1956; Facing Reality, 1969), 10.
See Susan Campbell, “The Negro Worker: A Comintern Publication of 1928–37. An Introduction” →. See also Joyce Moore Turner, Caribbean Crusaders and the Harlem Renaissance (University of Chicago Press, 2005), inter alia, 102–4, 155–63.
See Jason Earle, “Les deux cent familles: A Conspiracy Theory of the Avant-Garde,” in Romanic Review 104, no. 3–4 (2013): 333–52 →.
For the BNF copy of the poster, see →.
Michel Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended”: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975–76, trans. David Macey (Picador, 2003), 68–69.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 141–65.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 165.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 75–76.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 98.
See chapters 17–19 of Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651); Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 89–99.
For Hobbes’s account of representation, see chapter 16 of Leviathan.
For the (partial) English translation of Raymond Queneau’s 1947 edition of Kojève’s 1930s lectures on Hegel, see Alexandre Kojève, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel, trans. James H. Nichols, Jr. (Cornell University Press, 1980); see also Sven Lütticken, “Posthuman Prehistory,” in Cultural Revolution: Aesthetic Practice After Autonomy (Sternberg Press, 2017), 115–42.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 58.
David Macey, The Lives of Michel Foucault: A Biography (1993; Verso, 2019), 32.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 95.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 95.
On this trope in relation to art (history), see Éric Michaud, Les Invasions barbares: Une généalogie de l’histoire de l’art (Gallimard, 2015).
Walter Scott, 1830 introduction to Ivanhoe, in The Waverly Novels IV (Robert Cadell/Houlston & Stoneman, 1844), 377.
Michaud, Les Invasions barbares, 54.
Foucault, “Society Must Be Defended,” 102. On Foucault’s elision of colonialism in these lectures, see also Andreas Siekmann and Alice Creischer, “Where and Why You Shouldn’t Read Any Further: On Michel Foucault’s Lecture on January 21st, 1976, at the Collège de France,” in Alice Creischer, In the Stomach of the Predators: Writings and Collaborations, ed. Pujan Karambeigi (saxpublishers, 2019), 131–39.
Sylvia Wynter, “Ethno or Socio Poetics,” in Alcheringa new series 2, no. 2 (special issue on Ethnopoetics, 1976): 88.
Wynter, “Ethno or Socio Poetics,” 79.
Byung-Chul Han, Agonie des Eros (Mattes & Seitz, 2017), 52.
Jodi Dean, “Four Theses on the Comrade,” e-flux journal, no. 86 (November 2017) →.
Elizabeth Freeman, “Time Binds, or Erotohistoriography,” in Social Text 23, no. 3–4 (Fall–Winter 2005), 59.
Dean, “Four Theses on the Comrade.”
Dean, “Four Theses on the Comrade.”
Bini Adamczak, Beziehungsweise Revolution: 1917, 1968 und kommende (Suhrkamp 2017).
The phrase “new aristocracy of the caves” is from Debord and Jorn’s announcement of their journal Mutant, which never saw the light of day. See Guy Debord and Asger Jorn, “Mutant” (January 1962), in Consmonauts of the Future: Texts from the Situationist Movement in Scandinavia and Elsewhere, eds. Mikkel Bolt Rasmussen and Jakob Jakobsen (Nebula/Autonomedia, 2015), 65. Intriguingly, Georges Didi-Huberman has critiqued a “Debordian” streak of apocalyptic thinking in Agamben’s work; for Didi-Huberman, such apocalyptic thought is precisely a denial of Warburgian-Benjamian (and Pasolinian) survival (survivance). See Georges Didi-Huberman, Survivance des lucioles (Minuit, 2009), 57–76.
Gutorm Gjessing, “Nord et Normandie,” in Asger Jorn, Signes gravés sur les églises de l’Eure et du Calvados (Borgen, 1964), 79. See also Jorn’s sprawling essay “Sauvagerie, barbarie et civilsation” in this volume (123–311), and the one dissenting voice: a single-page letter by Michel de Bouard, who insists that “l’hypothèse de survivances du paganisme des Vikings” is contradicted by all known historical sources (111).
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology (1845), Part 1 →.
Jean-Luc Nancy, The Creation of the World or Globalization, trans. François Raffoul and David Pettigrew (SUNY Press, 2007), 47.
Kelly Oliver, Earth and World: Philosophy After the Apollo Missions (Columbia University Press, 2015); Bruno Latour, Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime, trans. Catherine Porter (Polity, 2017); Déborah Danowski and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, The Ends of the World, trans. Rodrigo Nunes (Polity, 2017). See also Sven Lütticken, “World History and Earth Art,” e-flux journal, no. 49 (November 2013) →.
Bruno Latour, Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime, trans. Catherine Porter (Polity, 2018), 75.
Karl Marx, Capital, vol. I, part 3, chapter 7 →.
Hobbes already grappled with these issues, maintaining that inanimate things “cannot be authors,” yet can be personated by “actors” under certain circumstances.
Peter Osborne, Anywhere or Not at All: Philosophy of Contemporary Art (Verso, 2013), 17.
Boris Groys, “Comrades of Time,” e-flux journal, no. 11 (December 2009) →.
Yuk Hui, “Cosmotechnics as Cosmopolitics,” e-flux journal, no. 86 (November, 2017) →.
Adam Greenfield, Radical Technologies (Verso, 2017), 143.
Dan McQuillan, “Towards an Antifascist AI” →.