Andrew F. Haughwout et al., “Real Estate Investors, the Leverage Cycle, and the Housing Market Crisis,” SSRN Electronic Journal (September 1, 2011); Peter Rosenblatt and Steven J. Sacco, “Investors and the Geography of the Subprime Housing Crisis,” Housing Policy Debate 28, no. 1 (January 2018): 94–116.
Desiree Fields, “Constructing a New Asset Class: Property-Led Financial Accumulation After the Crisis,” Economic Geography 94, no. 2 (March 2018): 118–40.
Gertjan Wijburg, Manuel B. Aalbers, and Susanne Heeg, “The Financialisation of Rental Housing 2.0: Releasing Housing into the Privatised Mainstream of Capital Accumulation,” Antipode 50, no. 4 (2018): 1098–1119.
Sophie Kasakove, “Why the Road Is Getting Even Rockier for First-Time Home Buyers,” The New York Times, April 23, 2022, ➝.
John I. Gilderbloom et al., “Investors: The Missing Piece in the Foreclosure Racial Gap Debate,” Journal of Urban Affairs 34, no. 5 (December 2012): 559–82; Elora Lee Raymond et al., “From Foreclosure to Eviction: Housing Insecurity in Corporate-Owned Single-Family Rentals,” Cityscape 20, no. 3 (2018): 159–88; Emily T. Molina, “Foreclosures, Investors, and Uneven Development During the Great Recession in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area,” Journal of Urban Affairs 38, no. 4 (October 2016): 564–80.
David Harvey, “The ’New’ Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession,” in Socialist Register, ed. Bertell Ollman and Kevin B. Anderson (New York: Routledge, 2004), 213–37; Desiree Fields and Elora Lee Raymond, “Racialized Geographies of Housing Financialization,” Progress in Human Geography 45, no. 6 (April 2021).
Desiree Fields and Dallas Rogers, “Towards a Critical Housing Studies Research Agenda on Platform Real Estate,” Housing, Theory and Society 38, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 1–23.
Jason Schuman, “Gregor Watson on Why SFR PropTech Is Still in the Early Innings,” Primary VC, ➝.
Fields, “Constructing a New Asset Class,” 11.
Jane G. Gravelle, “Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA): Overview and Recent Tax Revisions,” Congressional Research Service Report (2016), ➝.
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Suzanne Lanyi Charles, “The Financialization of Single-Family Rental Housing: An Examination of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ Ownership of Single-Family Houses in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area,” Journal of Urban Affairs 42, no. 8 (November 16, 2020): 1321–41; Michaelle Bond, “Large Investors Are Increasingly Buying up Homes in Philly. Here’s What That Means for Owners and Renters.,” Philadelphia Inquirer, October 13, 2022, ➝.
Specifically, deeds were classified as investor purchases if the listed purchaser name contained LLC, Corporation, or other legal entities, or if the purchaser bought more than two houses within any one-year period between 2000-2018. The full list of corporate names considered was LLC, LP, Limited Partnership, Corporation, Corp, Inc, Company, Limited Partne, L P, L L C, Partnership, LTD, and Trust.
The rhetoric and practices of corporate landlord-controlled housing are arguably a new form of predatory inclusion for tenants. Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2019).
Women’s Community Revitalization Project, Justice Community Land Trust ➝.