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As research done by anthropologists Helen F. Siu and Liu Zhiwei on the so-called “Dan” people has shown. Helen F. Siu and Liu Zhiwei, “Lineage, Market, Pirate, and Dan: Ethnicity in the Pearl River Delta of South China,” in Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China, ed. Pamela Kyle Crossley, Helen F. Siu, and Donald S. Sutton, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 285-310.
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